Sample report

What a verification report looks like.

Subject: a published mean-reversion strategy (long-only, RSI-based dip buying), replicated and stress-tested for small-cap deployment. This sample audits my own strategy candidate, with the same treatment a client engagement receives, demonstrated on a system I wanted to deploy and killed instead. Every number traces to a versioned report in my repository; reproduction instructions available on request.

The two verdicts. They are different claims.

Verdict 1: is the backtest internally correct? YES.
Accounting held to the penny across 9,887 trades; cash never negative; costs charged exactly once per side (verified by decomposition re-run); deterministic replay reproduces the ledger byte-for-byte.
Verdict 2: is there evidence of a genuine exploitable edge? NO (for the intended deployment).
The strategy family's edge is real on large liquid instruments and inverts in the intended small-cap universe once delisted companies and realistic costs are included. Deployment as planned would have destroyed capital. Recommendation: do not deploy; the large-cap variant merits a forward paper test only.

An internally correct backtest of a non-existent edge is the most common expensive object in retail quant. Separating these verdicts is the audit.

1. Data audit

2. Signal audit (look-ahead)

Entry and exit computed on completed bars only; fills next-open. No same-bar signal-to-fill path exists in the engine. PASS.

3. Universe audit

Survivorship: corpses included (§1). Membership determined by ranking-date data only. PASS.

4. Execution audit

Fills at next session's open with slippage; dead-while-held positions force-exit at final traded price (no slippage; conservative direction disclosed). 10 forced exits across 9,887 trades: the graveyard's damage came through loss asymmetry, not frozen holdings, a finding that reversed my own pre-audit narrative.

5. Cost audit: the decisive section

Identical replay, one variable: costs on vs. off.

arm$1M becomesCAGRmax drawdownwin rateedge/trade
realistic costs$14,685−18.5%/yr98.7%53.8%−0.38%
zero costs (diagnostic)$5,614,441+8.7%/yr49.0%63.3%+0.22%

The raw edge (~22 bps/trade) is smaller than the round-trip toll (~60 bps). Expectancy does not shrink under costs: it changes sign. Breakeven requires costs implausible for the universe. The zero-cost arm is a diagnostic, not an investable result.

6. Statistical audit

9,887 trades: the sign of the result is not noise. The magnitude is window-dependent (one 19-year period).

7. Overfitting / degrees of freedom

Published defaults only; zero parameters tuned by me; evaluation gates and tripwires pre-registered before the run. The result cannot be a product of my search because there was no search.

8. Robustness

Cross-universe: SPY 78.9% win rate (inside the published band), S&P basket 70.0%, small-caps-with-corpses 53.8%. The edge is a monotone function of the size ladder: a structure, not a data accident.

9. Out-of-sample discipline

This engagement was in-sample by design (a deployment decision, not an edge claim). House policy for edge claims: a sealed holdout, opened once, judged by pre-written rules. The same protocol caught my own momentum tunings inverting out-of-sample (in-sample Sharpe 0.81, sealed-window 0.38).

Calibration statement. Every report ends with one.

What we know: the implementation is correct; the small-cap deployment loses money under any realistic cost assumption; the large-cap edge is real but thin (~0.7%/trade family-wide, per published and replicated results).

What we don't know: whether the large-cap variant survives forward costs and regime change; whether the 19-year window flatters or punishes the family.

The one experiment that most efficiently reduces uncertainty: a 6-month forward paper test of the large-cap variant at realistic cost assumptions, with evaluation thresholds written before it starts. Cost: $0 and patience. This is what I did instead of deploying.

A note on incentives: I do not get paid more for killing your strategy. A report concluding "this survives; here are its three weaknesses" is a success, and some engagements will end that way. The verdict is not for sale in either direction.

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